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Melbourne is also the capital and largest city in the Australian state of Victoria. It is also the second-most populous Australian city. The metropolitan area of Greater Melbourne covers 9,993 km2 (3.858 sq mi). It is home to 31 local municipalities. However, the name is also used for the City of Melbourne, located in the city’s central business district. It occupies a large portion of Port Phillip Bay’s eastern and northern coastlines. It also extends into the Mornington Peninsula, the hinterlands, to the Yarra Valley, Dandenong, and Macedon Ranges. The city has over 5 million residents (19% of Australia’s population as of 2020). Most of these people live on the east side of the city’s center. They are often called “Melburnians.”

History

State Library Victoria was established in 1854 as the Melbourne Public Library. It is Australia’s oldest and most prominent public library.

John Batman, a British colonist and Tasmanian farmer, arrived in Melbourne in 1835 to seize the land from the Wurundjeri peoples of the Kulin nation. Evidence of their occupation dates back almost 40,000 years. The occupation of Wurundjeri land near the mouth of Yarra led to a temporary colony called Batmania. It was officially named Melbourne in 1837 by Queen Victoria. We acknowledge that there are ongoing disputes about colonization and land rights in Melbourne and across Australia.

Although Victoria’s most famous historical figures include Ned Kelly, the bushranger, the story about the two Indigenous men who were first to be executed in Melbourne by criminal prosecution is overshadowed by Ned Kelly’s national mythology. Kelly also represents the symbol of larrikinism in Australia’s national identity. British dignitaries brought Tunnerminnerwait, Maulboyheener, from Tasmania to Melbourne in 1841 on a “civilizing” mission. They were joined by three women, Truganini, Planobeena, and Pyterruner, known today as the last Tasmanian Aboriginal Australian full-blooded. This was the first step in a century-long cultural ‘assimilation of Indigenous peoples to Anglo practices.

Buninyong, near Ballarat, was the first place where gold was found. The Gold Rush was a major mid-century migration wave in the 1850s. This was when the first wave post-British migration to Southern Australia began. It led to the establishment of a large Chinese community in Victoria. It had become Australia’s largest city by 1865. The 1880s saw a peak in economic growth, and Melbourne was the most wealthy city globally.

Australian Rules Football, which was first played on cricket ovals in Melbourne in the late 1850s to keep the cricketers physically fit during the off-season, was founded in Melbourne in the mid-1850s.

The National Gallery of Victoria, founded in 1861, is the largest and most visited public art museum in Australia.

The Story of the Kelly Gang was the first feature film globally and was shot in Melbourne in 2006.

In the 1920s, Melbourne was home to the Australian impressionism movement.

In 1956, Melbourne became the first Australian city to host the Olympic Games. It was also the first to host the Games outside North America and Europe. In 2006, the Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne 50 years later.

National Gallery of Victoria

The NGV is an Australian art museum located in Melbourne, Victoria. It was established in 1861 and is Australia’s oldest, most visited art museum.

The NGV International building was designed by Sir Roy Grounds and redeveloped by Mario Bellini. It reopened in 2003. It is home to the gallery’s international art collection, listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. The NGV contains an encyclopedic art collection across two locations: NGV International on St Kilda Road, in the Melbourne Arts Precinct, Southbank, and the Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia nearby at Federation Square.

The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia was designed by Lab Architecture Studio and opened in 2002. It houses the gallery’s Australian art collection.

The following collection is part of the Oldest museum:

Asian Art

In 1862, the NGV’s Asian art collection was established. One year after its founding by Frederick Dalgety, who donated two Chinese plates. Since then, the Asian collection has included important works from all continents.

Australian Art

The NGV’s Australian art collection includes Indigenous art and artifacts from Australia, Australian colonial and Australian Impressionist art, and 20th-century and contemporary art. The first curator of Australian art was Brian Finemore.

The 1880s saw the development of the Heidelberg School, also known as Australian Impressionism, in the outer suburbs of Melbourne. The NGV was well placed to acquire key artworks from the movement, such as Tom Roberts’ Shearing the Rams (1990), Arthur Streeton’s ‘The purple noon’s transparent might’ (1896), Frederick McCubbin’s The Pioneer (1904).

The Australian collection contains works by Charles Blackman, Del Kathryn Barton, and Clarice Beckett. The Joseph Brown Collection comprises a large number of works donated by Dr. Joseph Brown in 2004.

International Art

Gallery of European paintings from the 17th-18th centuries international art collection of the NGV includes European and Asian paintings, fashion and textiles, and photography, prints, drawings, Asian art, Pacific art, and sculpture. The NGV has strong collections, including old masters, Greek vases, Egyptian artifacts, and historical European ceramics.

The international collection includes works from Arbus, Bernini, Bordone, Canaletto. Cassatt. Cezanne, and many more.

The National Gallery of Victoria is a must-see if you are ever in Melbourne. It is home to Australia’s most essential and oldest public art. It is an excellent place to visit if you are a history buff or an art lover.